This note presents the results of a study devised to improve our understanding of the different practices that aim to encourage employees to be more autonomous in professional communities.

The objective of this note is to identify emerging practices to organize work and manage skills in factories that have successfully modernized their production system.

This publication is the result of a journey to visit a sample of Italian companies, starting in 2014 and ending in spring 2016.

This note is the synthesis of a series of meetings we did in 2016 and 2017 organized by the Jean Jaurès Foundation, the Friedrich- Ebert Foundation and La Fabrique de l’industrie.

Industrial processes, value chains and business models are about to undergo a profound transformation, mostly due to the integration of digital technologies.